This report and model explore the economic potential for decarbonizing industrial heat across the U.S. Using a state- and facility-specific model, the study conducted a calculation of economics for heat pumps, electric resistance (with and without thermal energy storage), renewable natural gas, and hydrogen as compared to the counterfactual fossil natural gas technology. The study also evaluated four policy interventions – an ITC, PTC, carbon price, and low-cost financing – to assess the potential impact on cost-competitive decarbonization.
Author: Energy and Environmental Economics
This resource was commissioned by or produced by staff of the Center for Applied Environmental Law and Policy before the organization rebranded as Ridgeline Center for Law and Policy in 2026.