This report provides review of U.S. coal plant operating costs and market dynamics using data and information from EIA, Sargent & Lundy, Lazard, and other sources. The analysis finds that coal plant economic drivers have deteriorated over the last decade due to plant age and rapidly falling costs of competing electricity suppliers. Coal’s reduced competitiveness and declining operation have created self-reinforcing cycles that have pushed many plants toward retirement.
This resource was commissioned by or produced by staff of the Center for Applied Environmental Law and Policy before the organization rebranded as Ridgeline Center for Law and Policy in 2026.
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